Text and Photos by Marco Crupi

Mazzarino Castle, also known as “U Cannuni“, is one of the most fascinating historical landmarks in central Sicily. Its nickname comes from one of the surviving towers, whose shape resembles a massive cannon pointing toward the horizon. Though now in ruins, the castle still exudes an aura of mystery and grandeur, bearing witness to the historical and architectural evolution of Mazzarino over the centuries.

The origins of Mazzarino Castle remain shrouded in mystery, but it is believed to have been built during the Norman period, likely in the 12th century, atop the remains of an earlier Saracen fortification. The first documented mention of the castle dates back to 1288 when King James granted the estate to Vitale di Vollanova after confiscating it from Giovanni di Mazzarino, the son of Manfredi, Lord of Mongialino, who had been accused of treason. Later, between 1282 and 1292, Stefano Branciforti acquired the Mazzarino estate, marking the beginning of the Branciforti family’s long rule over the town.

The castle became an important feudal stronghold, serving as the residence of local lords and hosting administrative and defensive functions. In the 14th century, its structure was expanded to enhance its defensive and residential capabilities. Over the following centuries, the Branciforti family consolidated their power, making Mazzarino a strategic hub for controlling the surrounding territory. However, in the 17th century, the Brancifortis moved to a new baronial palace in the town center, marking the beginning of the castle’s decline.

Originally, the castle had a quadrangular layout with four cylindrical towers at each corner, reinforcing its defensive structure. Today, only the southwest tower remains standing, making it the most iconic feature of the site. This very tower, with its elongated and massive shape, gave rise to the nickname “U Cannuni“.

Built from local sandstone, the castle showcases typical elements of Sicilian medieval architecture, including thick walls and sturdy vaulted structures that once enclosed rooms for daily life and military defense.

Over the centuries, Mazzarino Castle underwent several structural modifications. In the 17th century, the Branciforti family relocated to a new baronial palace in the town center, accelerating the castle’s decline.

As the castle was gradually abandoned, its materials were repurposed for constructing buildings in the town. This process of dismantling led to the loss of most of the structure, leaving only a few remains, including the famous “U Cannuni” tower.

The castle is steeped in legends passed down through generations. One of the most famous stories tells of a challenge between the lords of Mazzarino and Garsiliato to determine the location of a new town. According to tradition, they decided that the town would be built where a cannonball fired from one of the two fortresses landed. The cannonball from Mazzarino traveled farther than Garsiliato’s, thus determining the present-day location of Mazzarino.

Another legend speaks of underground tunnels that supposedly connect the castle to the town center. It is said that the Branciforti family used these secret passages to move discreetly or escape enemy attacks. However, no concrete evidence of these tunnels has ever been found, keeping the mystery alive.

Finally, some popular tales mention a hidden treasure within the castle ruins, protected by the spirit of an ancient guardian. According to legend, anyone attempting to claim it unworthily would be struck by a curse.

Throughout the 20th century, various initiatives aimed to preserve and enhance the castle’s remains. Among the most significant interventions was the reinforcement of the surviving tower and the construction of an open-air theater in the 1980s on the southeastern side of the castle. This vantage point offers visitors a stunning panoramic view extending as far as Mount Etna.

Another major effort involved refurbishing the access road to the castle, using local materials such as white Comiso stone and black lava stone from Catania. These improvements have made the site more accessible to both tourists and locals.

Today, Mazzarino Castle stands as a captivating archaeological site that draws visitors eager to explore its history and admire the surrounding landscape. Although only ruins remain of its former glory, the site’s charm endures. The open-air theater hosts cultural events, theatrical performances, and concerts, keeping the castle’s historical memory alive.

A visit to the castle offers a unique experience, allowing guests to step back in time and reflect on the importance of preserving historical heritage.

For those interested in visiting Mazzarino Castle, it is important to note that access is free and open year-round. However, some reviews suggest that the area may be temporarily closed to the public at certain times, so it is advisable to check in advance.

The castle is located near Mazzarino’s historic center and is easily reachable on foot or by car. For more information, visitors can contact the Municipality of Mazzarino at +39 0934 381111. Comfortable footwear is recommended, as the terrain may be uneven. Additionally, checking local weather conditions before your visit is advised.